最新版はこちら。 突っ込みは各日付の BBS エントリのほか、 メール (nakano@st.seikei.ac.jp) や フォーム からどうぞ。 なおスパム除けのため、BBS 機能には 緩い認証を入れて います。 検索エンジンから来た方は、エンジンの方のキャッシュを見るか、 下の簡易検索を試してみてください。
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Namazu for hns による簡易全文検索 詳しくは 詳細指定/ヘルプを参照して下さい |
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「...彼女はおそらく意味や論理といった冗長な手続きをパスして、 そこにあるべき正しいことばを手に入れることができたんだ。 (中略) 芸術家とは、冗長性を回避する資格を持つ人々のことだ」
const char QCMD[] = "Q:\r"; : write(fd, QCMD, sizeof(QCMD));のようにしたところ、結果はちゃんと返ってくるのだけど、 終了後にコントローラが 例の HOST/MANUAL が効かない状態 になった。sizeof(QCMD) は (あたりまえだけど) 4 なので、 末端の \0 も write しちゃってるためらしい。
write(fd, QCMD, sizeof(QCMD)-1);にしたら問題なくいくようになったけど、頭悪そうだなあ。 どうするのが普通なんでしょうかね。 \0 のない 3 文字の定数って簡単に宣言できないのかな。
const char QCMD[3] = { 'Q', ':', '\r'};
と教えていただいた。うまいこと動作しました。ありがとうございます。
const char QCMD[] = "Q:\r"; : write(fd, QCMD, strlen(QCMD));がいいかな。こうしとくか。
- 900, 0,K,K,Rのような結果が返ってくるのを、 掟破りの strtok() で ad-hoc に実装。はっきり言ってヒドイ代物だが以下のような感じ。
res = read(fd,buf,255);
buf[res] = 0;
token = strtok(buf, ",");
if (token != NULL){
*xpos = atol(token+1);
if (*token == '-') {*xpos *= -1;}
} else { rcode = 1;}
token = strtok(NULL, ","); /* ypos */
if (token != NULL){
*ypos = atol(token+1);
if (*token == '-') {*ypos *= -1;}
} else { rcode = 1;}
token = strtok(NULL, ","); /* ack1 */
switch (*token){
case 'X':
*ack1 = ACK1_NG;
break;
case 'K':
*ack1 = ACK1_OK;
break;
default:
*ack1 = ACK_ERROR;
rcode = 1;
fprintf(stderr, "(m102_q): parse error for ACK1\n");
}
:
以下 ack2, ack3 も同様。
Changes: CLONE_NEWNS is now documented in clone(2), and SHM_REMAP was documented in shmop(2). Updates were made to dup(2), mount(2), readv(2), select(2), select_tut(2), statfs(2), wait(2), errno(3), realpath(3), strftime(3), vcs(4), and proc(5), and sched_get(2), setaffinity(2), tty_ioctl(4), capabilities(7), and iso_8859-9(7) were added.むにに。
We study a class of one-dimensional, nonequilibrium, conserved growth equations for both nonconserved and conserved noise statistics using numerical integration. An atomistic version of these growth equations is also studied using stochastic simulation. The models with nonconserved noise statistics are found to exhibit mound formation and power-law coarsening with slope selection for a range of values of the model parameters. Unlike previously proposed models of mound formation, the Ehrlich-Schwoebel step-edge barrier, usually modeled as a linear instability in growth equations, is absent in our models. Mound formation in our models occurs due to a nonlinear instability in which the height (depth) of spontaneously generated pillars (grooves) increases rapidly if the initial height (depth) is sufficiently large. When this instability is controlled by the introduction of an infinite number of higher-order gradient nonlinearities, the system exhibits a first-order dynamical phase transition from a rough self-affine phase to a mounded one as the value of the parameter that measures the effectiveness of control is decreased. We define a new ``order parameter'' that may be used to distinguish between these two phases. In the mounded phase, the system exhibits power-law coarsening of the mounds in which a selected slope is retained at all times. The coarsening exponents for the continuum equation and the discrete model are found to be different. An explanation of this difference is proposed and verified by simulations. In the growth equation with conserved noise, we find the curious result that the kinetically rough and mounded phases are both locally stable in a region of parameter space. In this region, the initial configuration of the system determines its steady-state behavior.
Bulk and thin film specimens of AgB2 were prepared. The bulk pellets were obtained from the powders of the constituents and the films were produced by cosputtering and sequential sputtering. The specimens were annealed and subjected for X-ray and Auger analysis. Preliminary results seems to indicate that AgB2 is an instable phase.
Observation of the rest-atom layer of the Si(111)-(7×7) surface is performed by atomic force microscopy. By detecting the force due to the single chemical covalent bond formed between the tip and the sample surface, individual atoms on the layer were clearly resolved. Unprecedented high spatial resolution was achieved by setting the detection force at a small value and by reducing background forces due to the long-range interactions with the small oscillation amplitude of the cantilever and sharp probe tip.いつぞや日刊工業新聞に載ってたやつかな？ force-curve に関する細かい議論。
We consider nonequilibrium adsorption to a freshly formed surface. Owing to the initial lack of equilibrium, the common diffusion-control assumption is inconsistent at small times. A uniform small-time asymptotic approximation is constructed for a Langmuir-type system in terms of the small parameter ε representing the ratio of the respective kinetic and diffusive time scales of the problem. The diffusion-control approximation becomes valid only when t >> ε. The adsorption results are applied to the calculation of the dynamic surface tension.
When performing laser-induced plasma spectroscopy for elemental analysis, the analyte signal-to-noise ratio increased from four to over fifty if the plume was reheated by a dye laser pulse tuned to resonant absorption. Time-resolved studies showed that the enhancement was not due to resonance photoionization. Rather, efficient and controlled rekindling of a larger plume volume was the key mechanism. The signal-to-noise ratio further increased to over a hundred if the atmosphere was replaced by a low-pressure heavy inert gas. The ambient gas helped confine and thermally insulate the expanding vapor.
We have investigated the growth kinetics of perylene, an organic semiconductor with high carrier mobility, on glass and Au substrates grown side-by-side by vapor deposition using atomic force microscopy. Our results show that kinetic roughening theory can reveal a wealth of information about polycrystalline growth. Higher order height?height correlation functions have been calculated for the perylene thin films on glass and Au. These results show that the height?height correlation function and the Hurst exponent saturate once the nominal perylene film thickness reaches the critical value of 40 Å on glass, and 100 Åon Au. After these thicknesses, overhang structures develop and dynamic scaling analysis becomes inappropriate. In addition, we have observed a complex, multiaffine behavior on both substrates evidenced by order dependence of the Hurst exponent. Grain size distribution and shape analysis were also performed on our films.
This guide was created as an overview of the Linux Operating System, geared toward new users as an exploration tour and getting started guide, with exercises at the end of each chapter. For more advanced trainees it can be a desktop reference, and a collection of the base knowledge needed to proceed with system and network administration. This book contains many real life examples derived from the author's experience as a Linux system and network administrator, trainer and consultant. We hope these examples will help you to get a better understanding of the Linux system and that you feel encouraged to try out things on your own.
This document discusses how to make configuration and source level customizations of Mozilla to make it more suitable as a primary browser for Linux and X Windows. It is not intended as a guide for programming Mozilla, nor is it a guide to XUL.
This Mini-HOWTO describes how to connect X Terminals with a Linux host using nfs, xfs, xdm and xdmcp. Additionally, the document discusses configuration recommendations to optimize Linux for use as a host system on a network of thin clients.
This document intends to show how to build a Firewall/Gateway with rules set on user basis having the users authenticated by a Samba Primary Domain Controller.初公開は 12-16。一度 minor update されて 1.0.1。
Ge/Si(001) layers are grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy at 600 °C to probe island self-ordering phenomena. We vary the Ge growth rate by a factor of 40, 1.2-47 monolayers (ML) min^-1, and adjust the Ge coverage, 5.9-8.9 ML, to produce films consisting primarily of dome-shaped Ge islands. Measurements of the radial and nearest-neighbor distributions are compared to calculated distributions for random arrangements of circular islands. At low growth rates, island formation is inhibited at small separation. At high growth rates, the angular distributions of nearest-neighbor islands show pronounced island ordering along <100> directions.まあある意味、普通の結果ではあるのだけれど。絵はとても奇麗。 方位角分布をとってるのがちょっとおもしろい。
A geometrical model of a porous silicon structure is proposed. The resulting size distribution spectra are analyzed by their relation to photoluminescence and Raman scattering. Both experimental data are investigated and compared to those results. The model well describes the presence of a low-energy part of the photoluminescence spectra with wavelength compatible to bulk crystalline silicon. Shapes and positions of Raman and photoluminescence lines are within the frames of model flexibility and indicate similar values of parameters, especially the minimal size of crystallites where Raman scattering and radiative recombination reveal the activity.
Metallic surface states on semiconducting substrates provide an opportunity to study low-dimensional electrons decoupled from the bulk. Angle resolved photoemission is used to determine the Fermi surface, group velocity, and effective mass for surface states on Si(111)√3×√3-Ag, Si(111)×√3-√3-Au, and Si(111)√21×√21-(Ag + Au). For Si(111)√3×√3-Ag the Fermi surface consists of small electron pockets populated by electrons from a few % excess Ag. For Si(111)√21×√21-(Ag + Au) the pockets increase their size corresponding to a filling by three electrons per unit cell. The √21×√21 superlattice leads to an intricate surface umklapp pattern and to minigaps of 110 meV, giving an interaction potential of 55 meV for the √21×√21 superlatticeこりゃすげえ。
We have extended the modified formalism of Sheng, Xing, and Wang [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 11 L299 (1999)] to allow the calculation of the conductivity of a thin metallic film bounded by a rough fractal surface. We utilized the so-called k-correlation model proposed by Palasantzas and Barnas [Phys. Rev. B 48, 14 472 (1993); 56, 7726 (1997)], to describe the height-height autocorrelation function corresponding to a self-affine roughness. This extension permits the calculation of the conductivity of the film as a function of the r.m.s. roughness amplitude δ, of the lateral correlation length ξ, of the mean free path in the bulk l, and of the roughness exponent H. We found that the degree of surface irregularity, represented by the roughness exponent H characterizing the surface, does influence the conductivity of the film, as first discovered by Palasantzas and Barnas. However, this influence manifests itself for large bulk mean free paths l〜1000 nm and for large correlation lengths ξ〜5 nm, in which case the conductivity of the film for H = 1 exceeds by about 30% the conductivity for H = 0.2, an effect which is smaller than that reported by Palasantzas and Barnas. For correlation lengths ξ below 1 nm and mean free paths l〜100 nm, the influence of the roughness exponent H on the conductivity is reduced to below 10%, and for smaller mean free paths and correlation lengths the conductivity becomes insensitive to H. We also found that Mathiessen's rule is severily violated in the case of thin metallic films. The resistivity of the film coincides roughly with the surface-limited resistivity only in the case of ultrathin films t<5 nm. For thicker films 100 nm>t>5 nm, the resistivity of the film exceeds by some 20 to 30 % the value dictated by Mathiessen's rule. And conversely, the apparent surface-induced resistivity estimated assuming the validity of Mathiessen's rule, exceeds by nearly one order of magnitude the true surface-induced resistivity, except in the case of ultrathin films t<5 nm.lanl で見かけた気もしたが...
The reflectivity of short pitch metal gratings consisting of a series of narrow Gaussian ridges in the classical mount has been modeled as a function of frequency and in-plane wave vector (the plane of incidence containing the grating vector) for various ridge heights. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPP's) are found to be excited even in the zero-order region of the spectrum. These may result in strong absorption of radiation polarized with its electric field in the plane of incidence (transverse magnetic). For zero in-plane wave vector the SPP modes consist of a symmetric charge distribution on either side of the grating ridges, a family of these modes existing with different numbers of field maxima per grating period. Because of the charge symmetry these modes may only be coupled to at angles away from normal incidence where strong resonant absorption may then occur. The dispersion of these SPP modes as a function of the in-plane wave vector is found to be complex arising from the formation of very large band gaps due to the harmonic content of the grating profile, the creation of a pseudo high-energy mode, and through strong interactions between different SPP bands.これは理論。 例えば angle incident なイオンスパッタで作った ripple 構造を見れたりするのかなあ。
CやFORTRANで得た計算結果をグラフ化するのに gnuplot は非常に便利です．このgnuplotは普通，端末からコマンドで操作しますが，プログラムからの操作も可能です．しかし，プログラムからの操作はそれなりの知識を必要とするので，初心者には多少難しいかもしれません．
そこで Cでgnuplotを簡単に制御できるようにするためのパッケージもどき， GPTCALLを作ってみました．このパッケージもどきを使えば初心者でも簡単に gnuplotをCから操作できます．べんりそげ。
option "exposure" e "MOS exposure time" short default="1000" no option "gain" g "amplifier gain (l|m|h)" string default="l" no option "pixel" p "A/D pixcel clock (us)" short default="3" no option "output" o "output file" string noとかいうファイル (pma.ggo) を作る。 フォーマットは
option <longname> <shortchar> <description> <type> {default="VALUE"} <required?>
というかたち。詳細は /usr/share/doc/gengetopt/gengetopt.html。
% gengetopt < pma.ggoとすると cmdline.h と cmdline.c ができる。 自前のプログラムは
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cmdline.h"
#include "pma.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv){
struct gengetopt_args_info args_info;
WORD exposure, pixel;
BYTE gain;
if (cmdline_parser (argc, argv, &args_info) != 0) exit(1);
exposure = args_info.exposure_arg;
printf("exposure:\t%d\n", exposure);
pixel = args_info.pixel_arg;
printf("pixel:\t%d\n", pixel);
switch (args_info.gain_arg[0]) {
case 'l':
gain = AMP_GAIN_LOW;
break;
case 'm':
gain = AMP_GAIN_MIDDLE;
break;
case 'h':
gain = AMP_GAIN_HIGH;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "gain should be one of l, m or h\n");
exit(1);
}
printf("gain:\t%d\n", gain);
if (args_info.output_given)
printf("file will be output to %s\n", args_info.output_arg);
return 0;
}
という感じで書いて、
gcc -o pma cmdline.c pma.cとすると出来上がり。
% ./pma exposure: 1000 pixel: 3 gain: 3 % ./pma -e2000 -p5 -gl --output=FILE exposure: 2000 pixel: 5 gain: 3 file will be output to FILEという感じの実行結果になる。 Makefile のエントリは
pma: pma.c cmdline.c gcc -Wall -o $@ $^ cmdline.c: pma.ggo gengetopt < $<という感じで。
通電加熱方式によるシリコン単結晶清浄表面作成技術を紹介します。読者としては、やる気と時間は十分あるけれども、経験と研究費は乏しい若手研究者を対象としています。また、ここに述べるシリコン清浄表面とは超高真空（〜１０-10Torr）中で作成する不純物濃度１％以下程度の表面です。微量の不純物は影響しない研究なら十分通用します。すばらしい。
Changes: Fixes for bugs that showed up in GCC 3.2.
測定位置 A B C Wというデータにして、ディレクトリに 435ch.dat, 976ch.dat という名前で出力すれば良いだろう。 perl から gaussfit に stdin を与え stdout を利用するには、 IPC::Open2 を使えば良い。詳細は Perl クックブックの レシピ16.8 (p.581)。
Changes: A fix for a bug that disables services on reconfig, a fix for a bug that leads to "out of descriptors message", cleanups for memory leaks, improved descriptor management, new syslog facilities, corrections for some portability issues, a fix for a bug in the consistency check, and correction of an internal services problem with tcp_wrappers.
9. How do I switch from sawfish2 to metacity?で metacity にして、ちゃんと window resize ができるようになりました。ありがとうございます。
Currently, the only way to switch window managers is to kill the one that's running, start the window manager of your choice and save you session. Example: 'killall -9 sawfish; sleep 1; metacity &' and then save you session. You can save your session by running the 'gnome-session-save' command or by logging out and checking save session in the logout box.
Galeon handles Smart Bookmarks quite elegantly. In light of that, we offer this archive of bookmarks that others have thought handy. To add one, simply right click on the image or the link and choose "add bookmark".
ENV{'LANG'}=C
を追加、んでもって Makefile にあった、
これらのスクリプトに対する依存を削除。
mime-construct --header "From: nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp" \ --to nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp --subject 'EXP1 Report Table' \ --type "text/plain; charset=iso-2022-jp" --encoding 7bit --file 'nkf -j preamble.txt |' \ --type application/vnd.ms-excel --attachment nakano-final.xls --file nakano/nakano-final.xls \ --type application/vnd.ms-excel --attachment 2002exp1.xls --file ../2002exp1Report.xlsという感じで実行すればよい。 --file が添付するファイルのオプション。 これは man mime-construct にある "Part Output" のひとつ。
Each of these applies only to the next part output. After each part is output they are reset to their default values. It doesn't make sense to use them without a following part, so mime-construct will sputter and die if you try to do that.であることがミソ。
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=FUGAHOGE.xlsの FUGAHOGE.xls になる。 --encoding は特に指定しなければ適当に選んでくれるようだ。 --type は debian なら /etc/mime.types を見るとよさげ。
% addgroup scsi % chown root.scsi /dev/scsi % chmod 660 /dev/sg0 /dev/ttyS0して、scsi グループと dialout グループに kodyssey, hideaki を追加。
V2.41からV2.42への変更点(2002/12/10)
変更点修正した不具合
- ヘルプをhtml形式に変更
- LDAP認証に対応
- MAPIに対応（メール送信のみ対応、危険な機能は全部未対応）
- POP before SMTPに対応
- レジストリの設定により以下の項目に制約をかけれるようにした。
- POP3の問合せ間隔を固定。
- 添付ファイルのファイルサイズ送信に上限を付ける。
- 送信時のアドレス入力支援機能を強化
- 過去に送信したアドレスを記憶して、検索(Ctrl+Space)で検索できるようにした
- インクリメンタルサーチもできるようにした
- メール送信時、題名に不要なスペースが挿入されることがあった
Changes: This release fixes a bug in yppasswd which prevented the user from correctly authenticating.
あなたがゲーム番組へ出ていて、3つのドアのうち1つを選ぶとします。1つのドアの後ろには車があって、あとの2つのドアの後ろにはヤギがいます。うーん、いまいち納得できん。ほんとに等価か？ というわけでちと google ってみた。
あなたはドアを１つ、たとえば１番のドアを選んだとします。番組の司会者は残ったドアの１つ、例えば３番のドアを開けます。司会者は、それぞれのドアの後ろに何があるのかを知っています。３番のドアにはヤギがいました。ここで司会者はあなたに、「２番のドアに変えますか」と聞きます。
さて、２番のドアに変えた方がいいでしょうか。
この問題は、
Ａ君とＢ君がいます。Ａ君は素直に１番のドアを選びました。しかし、Ｂ君は残りの２つのドアを選ぶと言い張ります。揚句の果てに、司会者に１つに決めるから、ヤギの入っているドアを先に教えてくれと頼む始末でした。司会者はいい人で、３番のドアを開けてヤギが入っていることを教えてくれました。Ｂ君は２番のドアを選んで、こう言いました。「これでＡ君と同じように３つの中から１つのドアを選んだんだ。公平だろ」と言いました。
あなたは、Ａ君の立場を選びますか、Ｂ君の立場を選びますか。
という話と等価である。
Ｂ君の立場の方が有利であることは言うまでもない。
「選択を変えない場合に当たる確率は1/3。選択を変えてハズレるのは最初に当たりを引いていた場合で，それ以外は当たるわけだから選択を当たる確率は1-1/3=2/3となる。したがって選択を変えた方が有利」j
結局，答えを知っている相手(司会者)による選別を経たほうが確率が高いということだ．自分が最初に選んだ一つだけは相手の選別の対象となっていないので，確率が上昇しない．
-N Do not execute a remote command. This is useful for just
forwarding ports (protocol version 2 only).
We report on experiments on vertically shaken binary granular mixtures, which separate into their components due to the external excitation. This well-known phenomenon, where large particles rise to the top of the mixture, is called the Brazil-nut effect. Recent theoretical findings predict also a reverse Brazil-nut effect, where large particles sink to the bottom of the container. We choose spherical beads of various diameters and materials in order to observe the transition from Brazil-nut effect to its reverse form. The direction of demixing depends sensitively on the external excitation, so that it is possible to switch between both effects for a given mass density ratio.実験報告。おお。
The scaling exponents α, β, and 1/z in thin films of the organic molecule diindenoperylene deposited on SiO2 under UHV conditions are determined. Atomic-force microscopy, x-ray reflectivity, and diffuse x-ray scattering were employed. The surface width displays power law scaling over more than 2 orders of magnitude in film thickness. We obtained α= 0.684±0.06, β= 0.748±0.05, and 1/z = 0.92±0.20. The derived exponents point to an unusually rapid growth of vertical roughness and lateral correlations. We suggest that they could be related to lateral inhomogeneities arising from the formation of grain boundaries between tilt domains in the early stages of growth.
Optical properties of ultrathin layers (<50 Å) of Au and Pb quench condensed on amorphous germanium (α-Ge) have been measured in situ at 10 K. The development of these films from an insulating state to a metallic state is traced as a function of the film thickness as well as the sheet resistance, R□. Of particular interest is the regime of R□ near 3000 Ω where there is an anomaly in the optical transmission. This anomaly is due to a singularity in the dielectric function when the system undergoes an electronic percolation or insulator-to-metal (I/M) transition.
Nanoindentation of crystalline and amorphous silicon nitride films is studied using 10-million-atom molecular dynamics simulations. A rigid pyramid-shaped indenter tip is used. Load-displacement curves are computed and are used to derive hardness and elastic moduli of the simulated crystalline and amorphous films. Computer images of local pressure distributions and configuration snapshots show that plastic deformation in the film extends to regions far from the actual indent.力技。
Si nanoclusters have been formed by 5 keV Si+ implantation at a fluence of 1×10^16 atoms/cm2 into a 200 Å thin thermally grown SiO2 film on Si (100), followed by thermal treatment at 1000 ℃ with different annealing times. All the annealed samples show a broad photoluminescence spectrum with increasing intensity as function of annealing time. The use of a dual beam time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in negative mode with Cs+ ions at low energy for sputtering allows us to observe variations in Si_n- signal due to excess of silicon atoms introduced by implantation. With the high sensitivity achieved using this instrumental configuration it is possible to follow Si signals which give information about the chemical enviroment of the Si atoms. The possibility of studying the time evolution of the nucleation and growth of nanoclusters has been investigated.Sin- クラスターのシグナルがミソ。
The built-in electrical potential of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells was measured quantitatively and resolved spatially using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy. Profiles of the electrical potential along cross sections of the device demonstrate that the p?n junction is a buried homojunction, and the p/n boundary is located 30?80 nm from the CIGS/CdS interface in the CIGS film. The built-in electric field terminates at the CIGS/CdS interface, indicating that the CdS and ZnO layers of the device structure are inactive for the collection of photoexcited carriers.
The throw distance of Al and W atoms was determined (A) by investigating the pressure-dependent deposition rate and applying the Keller-Simmons one-dimensional model. The power density at the target as a parameter was varied over more than one order of magnitude. Whereas the values determined for Al are not influenced by power, the values for tungsten strongly increase with power. This effect is related to strong gas density reduction related to gas heating for W sputtering, which reduces the probability of collisions between sputtered atoms and the gas. The gas heating was experimentally determined by simultaneous measurements of the pressure in the sputtering chamber and at the end of a tubular probe inserted into the hot plasma region. For tungsten, a strong heating and related gas density reduction was found. An analytical expression describing the spatially resolved temperature profile in a sputtering discharge is developed by means of the Keller-Simmons formulas. The influence of various process parameters on gas heating can be easily studied by the model. There is good agreement between the model calculations with the experiments performed as well as with Monte Carlo simulations and experimental findings from the literature. Forward simulations by the model result in a power-independent throw distance (B) for both elements, which are in agreement with the values (A) resulting from the pressure-dependent deposition rate. Existing differences are explained by the rough assumptions of the model, which is critically discussed.Al だとほとんど効果がないというのがちょっと意外。
By chemisorption of oxygen on an aluminum target, an absolute target voltage increase is noticed which can be attributed to the reduction of the secondary electron emission from the target. By following the target voltage behavior during magnetron sputtering of the aluminum target precovered with a chemisorbed oxygen layer, the cross section for removing the chemisorbed layer could be calculated based on a proposed model that relates the measured target voltage to the target coverage.
Using an energy selective mass spectrometer, ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) in a low pressure radio frequency (rf) argon discharge have been measured. This experiment has been done in the diffusion chamber of a helicon source. Two kinds of IEDF have been observed depending on the gas pressure: classical "one-peak" spectra at high pressure (>1 μbar) and "two-peak" spectra at low pressure (<1 μbar). These results have been correlated with the plasma potential and density profiles along the axis of the reactor obtained with a Langmuir probe and the IEDF have been fitted using a simple analytical model. In this way, noncollisional diffusion of energetic ions from the source chamber to the diffusion chamber has been shown.
A particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo numerical model has been developed to simulate a direct current discharge self-consistently with the motion and thermalization of both energetic charge-exchange neutrals and sputtered cathode atoms. In the model the charged particle motions are considered in a self-consistent electric field. A one-dimensional glow discharge in Ar has been simulated for the cases of Al and Cu cathode. The background argon gas heating has been predicted, with the temperature rise being larger for the case of Cu cathode which is characterized by a higher sputtering yield than Al. The balance of power input into the gas due to the energetic neutrals, sputtered atoms, and ions is analyzed. The dominant contribution is from energetic neutrals. Comparison of the calculated fluxes of these three species at the cathode surface shows a great contribution of the energetic neutrals into sputtering of the cathode material. The effect of applied voltage has been also investigated. Lastly, the influence of the gas heating on discharge characteristics is discussed.Srikov さん+南部先生。
The pressure dependence of the deposition rate for magnetron sputter deposition of various elemental semiconductors and metals was investigated by x-ray measurements on sputtered films and quartz monitor measurements. It was found that for all elements investigated the dependence of the rate on pressure-distance (pd) is well described by Φ=Φ0(1 - e^-cpd)/cpd. The value of c equals the inverse characteristic pressure-distance product (pd)0, which is the characteristics of the exponential decay of rate with pressure for low pressures. The experimental data of (pd)0 vary from 4.6 Pa cm for aluminum to 120 Pa cm for tungsten. It is shown that (pd)0 depend on both material specific properties and process parameters. The material specific properties are mainly the atomic mass and diameter, and the surface binding energy. The process parameters target voltage and power density act via the increase of the mean free path and the reduction of gas density, respectively, on (pd)0. As a first approximation, the characteristic pressure-distance product for argon as sputtering gas is proportional to the product of target atomic mass, average atomic energy and thermal mean free path.Druesedau の関連論文。
Pressure measurements in the range of low and medium vacuum are conveniently and accurately performed by mechanical instruments which detect pressure-induced deformations. The stability of both calibration and zero setting are considerably improved by operating the transducers at a stabilized elevated temperature. Due to thermal transpiration the temperature difference between transducer and vacuum vessel may cause a pressure difference which depends on the pressure itself, the geometry and surface properties of the interconnection, and also the gas species. In order to determine the vessel pressure, the empirical correction formula of Takaishi and Sensui has proved to be successful. Our accurate measurements reveal for the first time a minor, but systematic failure of this correction procedure. This failure is attributed to an improper application of the formula, i.e., the disregard of the specific surface properties of the interconnection. To overcome this deficiency, we suggest using fitted values for the temperature and diameter which appear in the formula, instead of actual values. By this procedure the systematic deviations are removed, and the Takaishi and Sensui formula allows description of our vessel pressures better than 0.1%.パイプを通して局所的な圧力を測定するときに重要な論文。
This mini-HOWTO gives you explicit instructions on installing Lotus Domino R5 for Linux on the Intel x86-based distributions of Mandrake Linux 8.1 and SuSE 7.3 Professional.
A collaboration of researchers has flipped micron-sized magnets as quickly as their fundamental speed limit will allow. In two papers published in the 10 January print issue of PRL, the researchers describe applying an ultrafast magnetic field pulse to reverse micromagnets almost as fast as the switching of a bit on a Pentium chip. But unlike silicon circuitry, a magnetic switch preserves data without the need for a constant power supply. The work strengthens hopes that fast and efficient magnetic memory could soon replace technology used in mobile phones and digital cameras.ほー。
#!/usr/bin/octave -qf A = 1; B = 1.3; C = 345.2; W = 1.6; N = 2; channel = 340:350; rndGauss = A * exp(- ( (channel - C) / W).^2) + B + N * rand(size(channel)); [channel; rndGauss]'行列とスカラーの引き算も期待通り処理してくれる octave って素敵だ。
sroep [--directory=DIR] --cc=CENTER_CHANNEL --hw=HALF_WIDTH [--debug]
my $AI = sprintf "%f", $imax; my $AU = sprintf "%f", 2 * $imax; my $AL = sprintf "%f", 0.3 * $imax + 0.7 * $imin; my $CI = sprintf "%f", $CCH; my $CL = sprintf "%f", $CCH - 2; my $CU = sprintf "%f", $CCH + 2; my $BI = sprintf "%f", $imin; my $BL = sprintf "%f", $imin - $sigma; my $BU = sprintf "%f", 0.7 * $imax + 0.3 * $imin; my $WI = sprintf "%f", 1.5; my $WL = sprintf "%f", 0.5; my $WU = sprintf "%f", 3.0;W については決め打ち。
$DEBUG = 0;
$result = GetOptions ("dir=s" => \$DIR,
"cc=i" => \$CCH,
"hw=i" => \$HWC,
"debug" => \$DEBUG);
:
if ($DEBUG) {もげもげ}
という感じ。
#!/bin/sh
DIARYDIR=$HOME/text/diary
STARTYEAR=1999
CURRENTYEAR=`date +'%Y'`
YEARS=`seq $STARTYEAR $CURRENTYEAR`
if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
YEARS="$@"
fi
TODAY=`date '+%Y%m%d'`
for YD in $YEARS; do
echo -n touching $YD...
for F in $DIARYDIR/$YD/d????????.hnf; do
BN=`basename $F`
if [ $BN = d$TODAY.hnf ]; then break; fi
TS=`expr substr $BN 2 8`
touch -t ${TS}2359 $F
done
echo done.
done
Signal 119nA C.Lens 340 O.Lens 369 Pos.X +0.1 Pos.Y +0.6前回 からほとんど動いていないようだ。
spamを止めることは可能だ。そして内容に基づいたフィルタリングがその方法だ。 spamを送る連中のアキレス腱は、彼らのメッセージだ。あなたがどんな障壁を築こうとも、彼らはそれをすり抜ける方法を見つける。少なくとも今まではそうだった。だが彼らは、何であれメッセージを届けなければならない。彼らのメッセージを認識できるソフトウェアを書くことができれば、彼らの道を絶つことができる。これを元に実装されたものとして、 など。もうちょい時間ができたら試してみよう。
Date: 05 Mar 2002 00:11:47 -0500だから、だいたい 1000通/月 くらいか。
This text describes the PDF creation process using KWord with the Bijoy2000 fonts and Bijoy keyboard, for working in the Bangla language. It is assumed that the reader is a user of Bijoy2000 software (typically used in Bangladesh) or at least has access to Bijoy2000 fonts.
ベイズ理論は、普通の確率論とは一風異なる確率理論です。安部さんのところ から。 というような products もあるとのこと。
この小文では、ベイズ理論の意味・意義について私がこれまでに学び、考えたことについて整理を試みます。とかく、＜宗教的信念＞のごとくに扱われがちのベイジアン思想ですがそのおかしいところ、よいところなど、基準を明確にして検証していけたらいいな、というのが目標です。
